[3], Innocent was concerned that the marriage of Henry VI and Constance of Sicily gave the Hohenstaufens a claim to all the Italian peninsula with the exception of the Papal States, which would be surrounded by Imperial territory. Disputation of Barcelona. Birthplace: Anagni, Italy Location of death: Perugia, Italy Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Buried, . Fra Angelico - The Vision of Pope Innocent III, Saints Peter and Paul Appearing to Saint Dominic - 1937.343 - Yale University Art Gallery.jpg 1,920 × 1,543; 959 KB Illustration from P. A. In 1212 Innocent was forced to turn to Henry’s son, Frederick, whose rule the pope had hoped to limit to the Sicilian kingdom. ...On the foregoing grounds, then, we decide that the youth should not at present be given the empire; we utterly reject Philip for his manifest unfitness and we order his usurpation to be resisted by all ... since Otto is not only himself devoted to the church, but comes from devout ancestors on both sides, ... therefore we decree that he ought to be accepted and supported as king, and ought to be given the crown of empire, after the rights of the Roman church have been secured. [34] Upon entry to Rome, the brothers encountered Bishop Guido of Assisi, who had in his company Giovanni di San Paolo, the Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina. Pope Innocent III is regarded as the most important pope from the medieval period. As Pope, Innocent III represents the height of the medieval papacy. Evidently, Pope Innocent III rationale is why God required soldiers, especially when God, Yahweh, should be all-powerful. Innocent III played further roles in the politics of Norway,[23] France, Sweden, Bulgaria, Spain and England. This marked the first time a pope ever imposed a direct tax on the clergy. His pontificate has customarily >been taken to mark the most splendid moment of the medieval papacy. [22] At the request of England's King John, Pope Innocent III declared the Magna Carta annulled, resulting in a rebellion by the English Barons who rejected the disenfranchisement.[24]. His papacy asserted the absolute spiritual authority of his office, … He exerted a wide influence over the Christian states of Europe, claiming supremacy over all of Europe's kings. This decree was afterwards embodied in the Corpus Juris Canonici and contained the following items: Despite papal support, Otto could not oust his rival Philip until the latter was murdered in a private feud. Pope Innocent III declared a new crusade to commence in 1217, along with his summoning of the Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215. He was central in supporting the Catholic Church's reforms of ecclesiastical affairs through his decretals and the Fourth Lateran Council. During the 1190s Lothar wrote three theological tracts: De miseria condicionis humane (On the Misery of the Human Condition), De missarum mysteriis (On the Mysteries of the Mass), and De quadripartita specie nuptiarum (On Four Types of Marriage). In spite of his youth and lack of administrative experience, the cardinals quickly elected Lothar pope on the same day that the aged pope Celestine III died (January 8, 1198). Elected pope on January 8, 1198, Innocent III reformed the Roman Curia, reestablished and expanded the pope’s authority over the Papal States, worked tirelessly to launch Crusades to recover the Holy Land, combated heresy in Italy and southern France, shaped a powerful and original doctrine of papal power within the church and in secular affairs, and in 1215 presided over the fourth Lateran Council, which reformed many clerical and lay practices within the church. PhD diss., University of Syracuse, 2003. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Frederick was duly elected by the Staufen partisans.[21]. 1 Christopher Tyerman refers to it as Innocent's ‘great crusade encyclical’, and Jonathan Riley-Smith judged it to be ‘possibly the greatest of them all’. Pope Innocent III was one of the most influential popes of the medieval age. The Catholic Encyclopedia, "Pennington, Kenneth. 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